载人航天器内负压抽吸清除霉菌菌斑技术研究

Study on Mould Removal Technology with Negative Pressure Suction in Manned Spacecraft

目的针对目前载人航天器内常规在轨消毒手段(消毒湿巾)难以彻底清除菌斑的问题,提出一种适合微重力条件下的材料表面菌斑清除收集技术。方法通过理论分析和计算,完成了负压抽吸装置结构设计,采用喷雾接种法制备染菌芳纶布和铝合金5A06样本,对所设计的负压抽吸装置进行清除实验验证,按Clean-Trace ATP荧光检测系统操作方法进行ATP检测,对比分析清除前后样本菌斑数量。结果经负压抽吸清除后,染菌芳纶布5个样本的清除效率分别为(86.12-0.72)%、(86.12-0.42)%、(86.12+0.88)%、(86.12+0.08)%、(86.12+0.18)%;铝合金5A06五个样本的清除效率分别为(86.2+0.8)%、(86.2-0.3)%、(86.2-0.8)%、(86.2+0.5)%、(86.2-0.2)%。结论采用负压抽吸的微生物清除方法技术可靠,清除效果较好,清除效率满足指标要求,清除率可达86.2%±0.8%左右,且装置便携,便于在轨操作。

Objective It is difficult to remove the plaque thoroughly in manned spacecraft with the conventional on-orbit disinfection(disinfection wet towel)method.A collection technology for plaque removal on the surface of materials in microgravity was proposed in this paper.Methods The structure design of a negative pressure suction device was realized through analysis and calculation.The dyed aramid cloth and aluminum alloy 5 A06 samples were prepared by spray inoculation method.Then the removal verification of the designed negative pressure suction device was conducted and the ATP was tested according to the operation method of the Clean-Trace ATP fluorescence detection system.The numbers of the sample plaque before and after removal were compared and analyzed.Results The removal efficiency of five dyed aramid cloth samples were(86.12-0.72)%,(86.12-0.42)%,(86.12+0.88)%,(86.12+0.08)%and(86.12+0.18)%respectively.While the removal efficiency of five aluminum alloy 5A06 samples were(86.2+0.8)%,(86.2-0.3)%,(86.2-0.8)%,(86.2+0.5)%,and(86.2-0.2)%,respectively.Conclusion The removal efficiency of the negative pressure suction device is about 86.2%±0.8%.It can satisfy the requirements of the indicators.The proposed method is reliable,portable and easy to use in-orbit.