“感性”的妄念与蜕变——论黑格尔对“感性确定性”的批判

The Delusion and Transition of Sensibility——On Hegel’s Criticism of Sense-certainty

经验论者认为,知识和确定性起源于感性的直接接受,感性可以直接、完整地把握知识和确定性。然而,黑格尔在《精神现象学》中从经验论者的观点出发,进而以意识的辩证法批判之,感性不能越过语言和概念直接把握关于具体特殊之感官对象的知识或确定性,我们只能在具有普遍性的语言概念中把握到关于对象的确定性,对象或自我也只能在概念中被显示。感性确定性由此自我否定而蜕变为知觉等,精神逐渐丰富自身,生命也在世界中展开。

Empiricists believe that knowledge and certainty originate from the direct acceptance of sensibility,which can grasp knowledge and certainty directly and completely.However,in Phenomenology of Spirit,Hegel starts from the viewpoint of empiricists and then deduces it from the dialectics of consciousness that sensibility cannot grasp directly the knowledge or certainty of a particular sensory object beyond language and concepts,we can only grasp the certainty and truth about the object within the universal linguistic concepts,and the object or self can only be shown in the concepts.As a result,sense-certainty is transformed into perception from self-negation,and the spirit gradually enriches itself,life unfolds gradually in the world.