芦笋雌雄混合品种‘Atlas’花发育形态特征观察

Observation on Morphological Characteristics of Flower Development in Cultivar ’Atlas’ of Asparagus officinalis L.

为明确芦笋(Asparagus officinalis L.)雌雄性别决定与分化和花蕾长度大小的关系,以5年生品种‘Atlas’为材料,采用普通石蜡切片和番红-固绿染色技术,对芦笋花芽发育过程中雌、雄花蕾进行显微形态观察研究。结果表明:芦笋单性花的形成首先经历两性器官原基期,之后再分别向雌或雄性别的方向发育,在两性器官发育时期,雌雄花蕾之间无明显的形态学差异;随后,雌株内的雌蕊正常发育,形成健全的子房和柱头,而雄蕊停止发育,高度退化;雄株内的雄蕊继续发育,形成健全的花丝和花药,但雌蕊发育受阻,花柱存在退化不完全的现象。经花蕾内部结构和外部长度对比发现,花蕾长度1.2 mm是芦笋两性期向单性期过渡的关键时期,这为研究芦笋性别决定与分化的取材时期提供了参考。

In order to make clear the relationship between sex determination and differentiation and the length of flower bud in Asparagus officinalis L., the five year old variety 'Atlas' was used as the experimental material. The microscopic morphology of the female and male buds was observed by the common paraffin wax section and the safranine and fast green double staining techniques during the bud development. The results showed that the formation of dioecy experienced the primary stage of hermaphroditic stage firstly, then the development of the female or male organ seperately, and there was no obvious morphological difference between the male and female buds during the hermaphroditic period. Then, the pistil in the female plant developed normally, which formed a sound ovary and stigma, and the stamen stopped developing and it was highly inhibited. The stamens of male plants continue to form perfect filaments and anthers, but the development of pistils is blocked, and the styles are incomplete. Further validation demonstrated that the bud length of 1.2 mm should be the key period for the transition from hermaphroditism to dioecy, which might provide a reference for the study of sex determination and differentiation period in Asparagus officinalis L..