乡村社会结构演变及其空间响应——以汕头东仙村为例

The Evolution of Governance Structure and its Spatial Response:A Case Study of Dongxian,Shantou

中国的乡村治理因社会结构的地域差异而呈现出丰富的空间格局。本文以国家大共同体、乡村小共同体双重治理层级为核心,将村民个体的互动穿插进来,构建了一个乡村社会结构的分析模型。案例部分选取了在宗族治理方面具有代表性的讪头市东仙村,梳理出不同时代衍生的宗族主导、国家支配、治理弱化与村治重振四种社会结构类型,揭示其治理互动机制,并以相应的空间分析验证了社会—空间的关联响应规律。案例证实了乡村空间聚落的布局结构本质上是社会结构的表达,乡村小共同体的嵌入使得乡村空间的优化更加贴近村民的个体诉求。

Due to the geographical differences of social structure, rural governance in China presents abundant spatial framework. This paper constructs an analysis model of the rural social structure which takes the national community and the rural community as the core, and intersperses the interaction of individuals. This paper selected the Dongxian village which is representative in clan governance located in Shantou city, and the model in Dongxian village derived four structure types that include clan dominance, state dominance, governance weakening and governance rejuvenation in different eras. This paper reveals the interaction in governance mechanisms of various types and the social structure, and verifies the response pattern of social-spatial with the corresponding spatial analysis. The case confirms that the rural spatial structure is essentially the expression of the social structure, and the embedding of rural community makes the optimization of rural space closer to the villagers' practical demands.