福建省沿海地区甲状腺疾病与食用碘盐关系研究

Relationship between thyroid diseases and iodized salt in coastal areas of Fujian Province

目的探讨沿海居民甲状腺疾病与食用碘盐的关系,为制定因地制宜的补碘策略提供科学的理论依据。方法 2016年7-8月选择在东山县医院就诊的甲状腺疾病患者为病例组,按性别相同、年龄不超过±5岁进行1∶1比例抽样,选取非甲状腺疾病患者作为对照组。采用多因素条件logistic回归模型分析食用盐类型与甲状腺疾病的关联。结果本研究共纳入甲状腺疾病患者100例,对照组100人,病例组和对照组男女性别比均为0.49∶1,病例组46~70岁占60%,对照组占51%。多因素条件logistic回归分析结果显示,在控制年龄、饮食咸淡程度、人均海带食用量、人均紫菜食用量和人均鱼虾蟹食用量后,家中食用盐为碘盐和无碘盐各半的居民患甲状腺疾病的风险是食用碘盐或以碘盐为主的居民的1.75倍;每周喝茶次数≥5次的居民患甲状腺疾病的风险是不喝茶居民的0.48倍;有压力的居民患甲状腺疾病的风险是无压力居民的1.64倍。结论碘盐和无碘盐食用各半、少量饮茶和有压力是甲状腺疾病的风险因素。建议政府仍需要加强碘相关知识宣传,根据地区特点提供不同的食用盐类型。

Objective To explore the relationship between thyroid-related diseases and iodized salt of coastal resi- dents,so as to provide a scientific theoretical basis for formulating local iodine-supplementation strategy. Methods From July to August 2016,patients with thyroid disease who were admitted to Dongshan County Hospital were selected as case group. Patients without thyroid disease were selected as control group. The individuals of the case and control groups were matched by the same gender and age(± 5 years)at a 1∶1 ratio. Conditional logistic regression model was used to analyze the association between salt type and thyroid-related diseases. Results The study included 100 patients with thyroid dis- ease and 100 patients in the control group. The male to female ratio was 0.49∶1 in the both groups. Of the participants, 60% in the case group and 51% in the control group were aged 46-70 years. Multivariate conditional logistic regression showed that after controlling for age,dietary saltiness,per capita kelp consumption,per capita laver consumption,and per capita consumption of fish,shrimp,and crab,the risk of thyroid-related diseases for those who used half iodized salt and half non-iodized salt was 1.75 times that for those who used iodized salt;the risk of thyroid-related diseases for those who drank tea ≥5 times per week was 0.48 times that for those who did not drink tea;the risk of thyroid-related diseases for those with stress was 1.64 times that for those without stress. Conclusions Consumption of half iodized salt and half non- iodized salt,stress and without drinking tea were the risk factors for thyroid-related diseases. The government should strengthen the propaganda of iodine-related knowledge and provide different types of edible salt according to local characteristics.