岩石钻孔振动与声波频谱特性实验研究

Experimental Study on Spectral Characteristics of Sound and Vibrations in Rock Drilling

岩石钻孔过程中产生的振动和声波信号中蕴含着丰富的岩性信息,尚未得到深入研究和充分利用。笔者设计了室内振动测试系统,针对花岗岩、汉白玉、青石、加气混凝土等典型岩土材料实施了钻孔实验,采集了钻孔振动和声波信号数据,提取了反映岩石性质的特征信号,揭示了典型岩种的钻柱振动频谱特征。在研究方法上,尝试将频率分段后求各频段的平均幅值,从而方便观察频域内整体变化趋势,将趋势线作为模式用以识别岩性,收到良好效果。研究成果有助于揭示岩体物理力学性质对钻柱振动与声波特性的影响机理,有利于施工地层地质情况的精细探查,具有一定的理论价值与工程价值。

The sound and vibration signals generated during the rock drilling process contain valuable information about rock and formation structures,but have not been fully studied and utilized. The indoor vibration test system was designed to carry out drilling experiments for typical rocks including granite,white marble,limestone,aerated concrete. The data of sound wave and vibration were collected,the characteristic signals reflecting the rock properties were extracted,and the spectral characteristics of sound and vibration for typical rock species were revealed. An approach based frequency band analysis was adopted. In this approach,the average amplitude of each frequency band is calculated after frequency segmentation,the overall change trend in the frequency domain can be conveniently observed,and the trend line patterns can be used to identify lithology. The research results are useful to reveal the influence mechanism of the physical and mechanical properties of rocks on the vibration spectral characteristics during drilling processes,and are beneficial to the fine exploration of the geological survey of the construction stratum. This study has certain theoretical value and engineering value.