经济集聚、城市类型与城市生产率

Economic Agglomeration, City Type and Urban Productivity

随着城市化进程的加快,工业企业日渐集聚于城市某一区间,并逐渐成为城市经济的一个重要显性特征。在系统阐释工业企业集聚效应理论发生机制的基础上,尝试提出“工业企业集聚效应促进论”及“城市类型差异论”,以此来多维识别工业企业集聚这一城市产业布局策略的作用。同时,采用1999—2015年中国275个地级及以上城市的经验数据进行实证检验,最终在稳健性分析和克服内生性的基础上得出较为可靠的结论。(1)工业企业集聚对城市生产率具有显著的正向促进作用。(2)相较非省会城市、非沿海城市,省会城市和沿海城市工业企业集聚对城市生产率的促进作用更大,而资源型城市并不具备这一特点。(3)工业企业集聚不满足“Williamson效应”的拐点性特征。

With the acceleration of urbanization,industrial enterprises are increasingly concentrated in a certain range of cities and gradually become an important dominant feature of urban economy.Based on the systematic interpretation of the occurrence mechanism of industrial enterprises agglomeration effect theory,this paper attempts to put forward“the promotion theory of industrial enterprises agglomeration effect”and“the city type difference theory”,so as to have a multidimensional recognition of the function of industrial enterprises agglomeration as a city industrial layout strategy.At the same time,it uses the empirical data of 275 cities in China at the prefecture level or over during 1999-2015 for an empirical testing,finally the more reliable conclusions on the basis of the robustness analysis and overcoming of endogenousness are drawn:(1)the industrial enterprises agglomeration has a significant positive promoting effect on urban productivity;(2)compared with the non-provincial capital cities and non-coastal cities,the industrial enterprises agglomeration in the provincial capital cities and coastal cities has a greater promotion effect on urban productivity,while the resource-based cities do not have this feature;(3)the industrial enterprises agglomeration does not meet the inflection feature of the“Williamson effect”point.