从市场化、法制化到灵活化:改革开放以来中国劳动关系的转型发展及启示

From Marketization, Legalization to Flexibility: The Transformation of China’s Labor Relations Since the Reform, Openness and Its Instruction

改革开放以来,中国劳动关系的形态和调整模式经历了由计划经济向社会主义市场经济的转型发展.这些转型包括:国企改制推动劳动关系市场化,中国入世促进劳动关系全球化,民营企业“不守成规”促使劳动关系法制化,多重因素推动个别劳动关系集体化.劳动关系新转型是走向灵活化和放松管制.本文从经济增长、社会发展和治理改革三重维度来考察不同时期劳动关系转型的目标,分析了数字经济下的灵活用工发展与政策规制,论述了增强劳动力市场灵活性的劳动政策,并对当前劳动关系特点及调整模式作出判断和提出政策建议.

In the past period of reform and opening up, the form and adjustment mode of China's labor relations have undergone a transition from a planned economy to a socialist market economy. These transformations include: the reform of state-owned enterprises to promote the marketization of labor relations, China's accession to the WTO to promote the globalization of labor relations, private enterprises "lawlessness" to promote the legalization of labor relations, and multiple factors to promote the collectivization of individual labor relations. The new transformation of labor relations is toward flexibility and deregulation. This paper examines the objectives of labor relations transformation in different periods from the three dimensions of economic growth, social development and political governance, analyzes the flexible employment and regulation under the digital economy, discusses the labor policy that enhances the flexibility of the labor market, and makes judgments on the characteristics and adjustment models of current labor relations.