个人信息保护的中国权利话语

The Right Discourse of Personal Information Protection in China

通过权利方式保护个人信息是一种世界趋势。立法宜以"人格"要素、"人格性"要素、"非人格性"要素作为客观分类标准,构建以公法为依托,私法为主干,社会法为补充的权利话语体系。按照权利客体的层次,在基本权利和人格权法中解决"人格"要素的精神利益保护问题;在人格权法法定主义放松条件下的财产权法中赋予个人信息财产性利益,解决"非人格性"要素的财产性利益保护问题;在基本权利和社会法中赋予个人保护"人格性"要素的个人信息特权。在合同法中修正"同意"的构成要件;在侵权法中发展个人信息侵权类型;运用权能扩展机制、公法转介技术、风险预防原则,构建个人信息保护的权利话语体系。

It is a worldwide trend to protect personal information through rights.Legislation should take“personality”elements,“personality-related”elements and“non-personality”elements as objective classification criteria,and construct a discourse system of rights based on public law,backbone of private law and supplement of social law.According to the level of the object of right,we should solve the problem of protecting the spiritual interests of the elements of upersonalityin the law offundamental rights and personality rights;give personal information property interests in the law of property rights under the relaxation of legalism of personality rights law;solve the problem of protecting the property interests of“non-personality”elements;and pass the property interests of personal information and the needs of the information society through property rights.The combination of law and the privilege of personal information should be wtilized protect the elements of 4tpersonality-related”in fundamental rights and social law.In contract law,what should do is to amend the elements of“consent”;develop the types of personal information infringement in tort law;use civil power expansion mechanism,public law referral technology and risk prevention principle to construct the right discourse system of personal information protection.