委托代理:社区体育健身俱乐部从“同构”到“脱钩”的过渡方式

Principal-agent: A Transitional Way for Reform of Community Sports Fitness Club from “Isomorphism” to “Decoupling”

社区体育健身俱乐部是开展全民健身工作的组织载体和重要抓手。以社区体育健身俱乐部为研究对象,采用文献资料法、实地考察法和个案分析法,分析其存在“同构性”现实问题的原因,以及社区体育健身俱乐部从“同构”到“脱钩”的改革方式。研究发现社区体育健身俱乐部在创立之时就带有行政色彩,即采取自上而下的方式成立,在运行过程中,政府嵌入过多,使其行政色彩没有淡化反而更加浓厚。实践中社区体育健身俱乐部则通过委托代理的方式实现了其社会化的运作。于是进一步提出,委托代理可作为社区体育健身俱乐部从“同构”到“脱钩”改革的一种过渡方式,该方式虽存在利弊,但具有其可行性和适用性。旨在为国家体育总局创建国家级社区体育健身俱乐部试点工作推动下成立起来的236家俱乐部的可持续发展提供参考依据和借鉴意义。

The community sports fitness club has become the organization carrier and the important starting point to carry out the national fitness campaign. The study,setting community mass sports fitness club as the research object,used the method of literature review,field investigation and case analysis to reveal the causes of its existence of"isomorphism",and the approach to its reform from "isomorphism"to "decoupling". The results showed that the community sports fitness club at the time of the creation was endowed with administrative feature,which adopted the top-down approach with too much government interference in its operation process. Consequently,these administrative features did not fade but became more robust. In practice,the community sports fitness club realized its socialized operation through the way of entrusting agent. It was further proposed that the principal-agent can be used as a transitional way of community sports fitness club from"isomorphism"to "decoupling". This approach has its advantages and disadvantages,but meanwhile,it is feasible and applicable. The purpose was to provide references for the sustainable development of the 236 clubs established by the polit work of establishing national community sports fitness clubs by the State General Administration of Sport.