气化的技击:传统武术“气”的象哲学阐赜

Qi-lized Striking: “Qi” Hermeneutics of Xiang Philosophy in Traditional Wushu

从中国自身的认识论视域和哲学方法论出发,运用文献资料法阐赜武术的"气论"。提出:"气"不是"实物"而是一种"实象"。武术"气"的实质是古人以知觉运动感为基,把自然界"气"的形态(氤氲、流动、膨胀收缩、凝结蒸发)与呼吸(升降、胀缩、沉聚)的运动感,皮下热流动和弥散感,意识流动感,生命动感等身体内感知相互映射的"实感意象"。武术的"气"作为象化的感知,是视觉不可见,但可触类旁通的默知,是触觉为中心的"气-象"。作为"以时为正"的哲学,"象"具有不可分割的整体性,武术言"气"的本质正是以不可分割的"气象"言说"劲"的完整一气,诱导修习者身体意象的节节贯穿、整体划一,让更加幽隐的"劲"有象所执。懂劲者必知"气几",知气者必劲力完整,进而可以在更加"易简"的卦气范式下直接指导攻防和动作姿势。

Starting from China’s own epistemological perspective and philosophical methodology, this paper expounds Wushu’s "Qi Theory"with the method of documentation. It points out that "Qi"is not "substance things"but a"substance Xiang"yet. The essence of Wushu’s Qi based on perception and kinesthesis is"Xiang in reality"which ancient philosophers mix and image the characteristics among Qi( dense and thin,fluxion,expand and dilation and shrink,coagulation and evaporation) and embodied knowing of breath kinesthesis( rising and falling,expand and dilation) and skin feeling( heat flowing and diffusion) and stream of consciousness and sense of life. As inner embodiment,Wushu’s Qi is invisibility tactile tacit knowledge,and "Qi-Xiang"is tactile-centered.As a kind of philosophy which is considered "time as primary","Xiang"is non-segmentation and integration.Speaking Qi evidently is stating the Jin that is integration power and never separated in any shape as"Qi-Xiang". It can induce body-image of practitioners to achieve coherence and integration,make the more hidden Jin own Xiang to imitate. The person who understands Jin knows "Qi",and the person who knows "Qi"has vigorous and complete Jin,so that he can direct attack and defense postures under the more"easy and simple""Qi"paradigm.