农地经营权抵押贷款能缓解异质性农户信贷配给难题吗?

Can Farmland Management Rights Mortgages Relieve the Credit Rationing of Farmers?

农地经营权抵押贷款试点的推进,为缓解我国农户信贷配给难题提供了一个新的渠道与发展方向。本文利用2015年对江苏省东海县试点地区农户的问卷调查数据,分析了农地经营权抵押贷款试点中异质性农户信贷配给情况。研究发现,存在较大部分农户面临新的交易成本配给、风险配给以及完全数量配给,使得信贷配给难题并未得到有效解决。其中,家到农交所以及银行网点距离较远以及未加入征信信息系统等是小农户信贷配给不能得到缓解的主要原因;交易流程的不规范、农地经营权市场价值预期低和变现能力差以及未加入征信信息系统是规模农户信贷配给未得到缓解的主要原因。因此,长期内,构建良好的农村产权交易市场、农村农户征信信息系统以及农村社会保障体系是农地经营权抵押贷款发展的必然路径;短期内,可引导农户从事适度规模、适度期限经营以提高银行对抵押农地的市场价值预期。

The implementation of farmland mortgage reform provides a feasible channel and development direction for easing the credit rationing of farmers in China.Based on the survey data of farmers in Donghai in 2015,this paper analyzes the situation of heterogeneous farmers’ credit rationing under the reform of farmland mortgage. It is found that there are still a large number of farmers who have been rationed by transaction costs,risk rationing and complete rationing,and the credit rationing has not been alleviated. Among them,the low rate of family endowment insurance,the wide distribution of outlets and the lack of credit information system are the main reasons for the small farmers’ credit rationing can’t be alleviated.The main reasons that the scale of farmers have not been alleviated is the non-standard transaction process,the low market value of the rural land management right and the poor liquidity,and the failure to join the credit system.Therefore,in the long run,the construction of a good market for rural property rights,the credit system of rural households and the social security system in rural areas is the inevitable path for the development of rural land mortgage loans. In the short term,the appropriate scale and moderate time limit of farmers can be guided to improve the pre period value of the market.