银珐琅首饰生产中的釉层变色缺陷探讨

Analysis of the Glaze Layer Discoloration in Silver Enamelling Jewelry Production

以银含量为92.5%的斯特林银和抗变色银合金作为胎底材料进行珐琅烧制试验,采用测色仪、显微镜、X射线衍射仪等对缺陷进行分析。结果表明,胎底材质、釉料性质、烧制工艺等是导致珐琅釉层变色的主要因素。斯特林银在高温下氧化较严重,用其烧制珐琅时釉层易变色,而抗变色银合金可以形成有效的保护膜,能改善釉层变色问题,应优先选作珐琅胎底材料。生产时针对不同的胎底材料和釉料制作相应的珐琅色版,并结合釉料性质和工件结构合理确定填釉方式、烧制温度、烧制时间、烧制气氛等工艺参数。

Sterling silver and anti-tarnishing silver alloys with 92.5% silver content were prepared as the base for enamelling experiments,and the enamel discoloring problems were analyzed with chromometer,microscope and X-ray diffractometer.The results reveal that the base material,glaze material properties and firing process are the main factors causing the enamel discoloration.Sterling silver can be oxidized severely at high temperature and the enamel on it is prone to discolor,while anti-tarnishing silver alloy can form protective film and improve the discoloration problem effectively,thus it should be chosen preferentially as the enamelling base material.During the enamelling jewelry production,enamel color plates should be made in advance according to the base material and glaze material,and the firing process such as glaze filling method,firing temperature,firing time and firing atmosphere should be determined reasonably according to the glaze material properties and the product structures.