噪声对小学生学习记忆能力的影响

The Noise Influence on Learning and Memory Ability of Elementary School Students

目的调查研究环境噪声暴露对儿童学习记忆能力的影响,为降低环境噪声,减少噪声对儿童学习记忆的损害提供依据。方法 2018-04在绵竹市闹市区和安静区各选取一所小学,采用分层整群抽样方法抽取255名学生为研究对象。采用智力量表问卷测定学生的学习记忆能力,声级计测定校园噪声。用SPSS 17.0软件进行数据处理分析,两样本均数间的比较用t检验,分类资料用χ2检验,检验水准α=0.05。结果两所学校学生的性别和对象来源差别均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。闹市区小学校园内的总噪声、教学区和生活区噪声均强于安静区小学,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。闹市区小学学生的算术评分(9.10±2.85)低于安静区小学(9.88±2.70),差异有统计学意义(P=0.026,t=2.240);译码、背数评分两所小学差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。闹市区小学男生、5年级学生和来源于城市的学生的算术评分均低于安静区小学,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论位于闹市区的小学校园噪声高于位于相对安静处的小学,闹市区小学学生的推理能力和注意力低于相对安静处的小学生,这可能与校园周边环境噪声有关。

Objective To investigate the effects on learning and memory abilities of children who exposure in the noisy environment,so as to provide reference for reducing the impairment of noise on children’s learning and memory ability. Methods Two elementary schools were chosen, they located in noise area and quiet area respectively of Mianzhu City in April 2018. And 255 students were selected as the subject to research by using the stratified cluster sampling method. Their learning and memory ability were measured by intelligence scale questionnaire and the campus noise was measured by sound level meter. Data processing analysis was performed with SPSS17.0 software. T-test was used for comparison between the two sample means,and the classify data was tested by chi-square test,the test levelα=0.05. Results The difference between gender and source of students of these two schools was not statistically significant(P>0.05). The whole noise in campus, noise in teaching and living area of the school which located in the noise area were stronger than that of the school which located in the quiet area, the difference was statistically significant(P<0.001). The arithmetic score of students from the school which located in noise area(9.10±2.85) was lower than that of the quiet one(9.88±2.70),and the difference was statistically significant(t=2.240, P=0.026). There was no significant difference in decoding and reciting scores(P>0.05). The arithmetic scores of two primary school students were compared, primary school boys, grades 5 students and students from city their arithmetic score were lower than that of students from the quiet area school, the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05). Conclusions There was more noise in downtown primary school than that of the school situated in a relatively quiet place. The students were worse at logic thinking ability and?ability of focus in downtown primary school compared with those of the students from primary school which located in quiet area,it might be associated with noise.