新中国70年食品工业发展的阶段历程、主要成就与基本经验

The Stages, Achievements and Lessons in the Development of Food Industry in the Past 70 Years Since the Founding of the People’s Republic of China

基于产业定位、产业科技、产业开放性的视角,全景式梳理了新中国成立70年以来不同时期我国食品工业的发展情况,归纳了食品工业发展取得的主要成就,总结了食品工业发展的基本经验。在基本经验方面:一是坚持以人民为中心。把握好中国人的饭碗端在自己手上与利用国际市场的关系,坚持中国人的饭碗必须牢牢端在中国人手中不动摇,持之以恒地解决与保障食品数量供应。二是顺应食品消费结构的变化。基于主要矛盾的转化,把握好食品数量安全和质量安全间的关系,与时俱进地推进由数量保障向质量保障的历史性转变。三是基于不同历史阶段的发展特点,把握好政府与市场的关系。政府逐渐明确食品工业的产业定位、实施积极的科技政策,引导扩大产业开放性,并充分发挥市场机制的决定性作用,既确保食品工业的市场属性,又保障民生产业的社会属性。四是加强食品工业自主创新。关键核心技术是买不到的。保障食品数量与质量安全是有国界的,把握好独立自主、自主创新与引进技术的关系,在努力吸收世界食品工业文明成果的同时,牢牢掌握食品工业自主创新的主动权。

From the perspective of industrial positioning,industrial technology and industry openness,the present paper comprehensively reviews the development of China’s food industry in different periods since the founding of the People’s Republic of China 70 years ago,sums up the major achievements in the development of food industry,and draws lessons from the development of food industry.In terms of lessons:First,China should adhere to the people-centered development,balance the relationship between Chinese people’s rice bowls and the use of the international market,and insist that Chinese people’s rice bowls be firmly in the hands of Chinese people themselves and food supply be steadily guaranteed.Second,in line with the changes in the food consumption structure,on the basis of the shift in the main contradiction,China should balance the relationship between food quantity safety and quality safety,promoting the historical transformation from quantity guarantee to quality guarantee.Third,on the basis of the characteristics of different historical stages,China should balance the relationship between the government and the market,and the government should gradually identify the industrial positioning of food industry,implement positive scientific and technological policies,guide the expansion of industrial openness,and give full play to the decisive role of market mechanism,so as to maintain both the market attribute of food industry and the social attribute of the people’s livelihood industries.Fourth,since the core technologies are not for sale in the market,and since both food quantity safety and food quality safety know boundaries,China should balance the relationship between independent innovations and imported technologies.While absorbing the achievements in the world food industry,China must seize the initiative in independent innovation in food industry.