儿童预激综合征/心室预激临床及电生理特性分析

Analysis of clinical and electrophysiological characteristics of children with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome or ventricular pre-excitation

目的总结预激综合征或心室预激患儿的临床及电生理特点。方法选取2000年3月至2017年11月在首都医科大学附属北京安贞医院小儿心脏科因预激综合征或心室预激行导管射频消融术的179例患儿,术前完成心电图、心脏超声检查,完整获取临床资料,术中行完整心脏电生理检查,检查旁路前传不应期和室房逆传功能,依据成功消融位置定义旁路位置,对上述资料进行分析。结果左侧、右侧旁路的比例为1.00:1.93(61例比118例);61例左侧显性旁路患儿中6例由电生理标测证实。左侧旁路P-R间期及QRS时程与右侧比较差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。12例患儿并先天性心脏病,14例右侧旁路患儿诊断为心室预激性扩张型心肌病。110例患儿成功测得旁路前传不应期,≤250 ms者占32.7%(36/110例)。3例患儿可诱发逆传型房室折返性心动过速,双旁路6例,右后间隔慢旁路1例。结论心室预激患儿右侧旁路较左侧旁路更常见。合并器质性心脏病并不少见,除先天性心脏病外,少部分右侧显性旁路发生室壁运动不协调从而导致心室预激性扩张型心肌病。室房逆传递减传导现象在儿童右侧具备逆传功能的显性旁路中偶有发生,大多为心室肌的递减传导,而非旁路的递减传导。双旁路在儿童并不少见,消融后应详细评估旁路的前传及逆传功能是否完全消失以避免漏诊。

Objective To summarize the clinical and electrophysiological characteristics of children with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome or ventricular pre-excitation. Methods One hundred and seventy-nine consecutive children with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome or ventricular pre-excitation who were hospitalized at Beijing Anzhen Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University and planned to accept radiofrequency ablations were selected.Electrocardiogram and echocardiography were completed and detailed clinical data were collected before ablations.Anterograde refractory period of accessory pathways (ERPAPA) and retrograde ventriculoatrial conduction were measured during electrophysiology studies.The clinical and electrophysiological characteristics of these children were analyzed. Results The ratio of left-sided to right-sided accessory pathways was 1.001.93(61 cases vs.118 cases). Six out of 61 patients with left-sided accessory pathways were verified by electrophysiology study.There was no statistical difference of P-R interval and QRS duration between patients with right-sided and left-sided accessory pathways(all P>0.05). Twelve patients were combined with congenital heart diseases.Fourteen patients with right-sided accessory pathways were of ventricular pre-excitation induced dilated cardiomyopathy.ERPAPA was measured successfully in 110 patients, ERPAPA less than 250 ms accounted for 32.7%(36/110 cases). Six children with two pathways were recognized.Antidromic atrioventricular reentrant tachycardia was induced in 3 children.One child had slow conduction pathway localized in right-sided septum. Conclusions Right-sided overt accessory pathways are more common in children with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome or ventricular pre-excitation.Organic heart diseases are not uncommon.Besides congenital heart disease, a small proportion of patients with right overt accessory pathways may develop ventricular pre-excitatory induced dilated cardiomyopathy resulting from ventricular wall dyskinesia.Most of the decremental retrograde ventriculoatrial conduction is the characteristic of ventricular muscles rather than the accessory pathways in nature.Two pathways are not uncommon in children with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome or ventricular pre-excitation.Before finishing radiofrequency ablation, the anterograde and retrograde function of the accessory pathway should be evaluated in detail again because it is easy to neglect the existence of another accessory pathway.