科学社会学“实践转向”中的“互构论”

The “Co-construction” in the “Practice Turn” of Sociology of Science

在引入一般社会学中的社会生成论、以便同时打开科学与社会两个黑箱之时,科学实践社会学呈现了"科学与社会协同演化"的"互构论"图景。鉴于此,科学实践社会学实现了从认识论向本体论的转向,也就是它不再关注科学是否如实表征了社会,而是聚焦于科学与社会秩序共同生产、直至运作出恰切的社会技术系统的实践过程。科学实践社会学研究中的"本体论政治",将启发社会(科)学找回活生生的"自然",从而将运作中的世界视作为一个纷繁复杂、不断重构的社会技术系统,最终从"社会-物质"的视角来重新审视世界的运行。

Sociology of scientific practice shows the prospect of co-construction which presents the coevolution between science and society during the process of opening these two black boxes by introducing social generative theory in general sociology. In view of this, sociology of scientific practice has turned to ontology from epistemology. In other words, sociology of scientific practice is no longer concerned with whether science is a real representation of the world, and focuses on the co-production of science and social order, until which results in the enactment of the appropriate sociotechnical system. The "politics of ontology" in sociology of scientific practice will inspire sociology or even social science to retrieve the living "nature" and take the enacted world as a complex and constantly being reconstructed sociotechnical system, which means sociology or even social science will adopt the "socio-material" research perspective.