美国“断供”背景下中国进口高质量发展策略研究

Research on the High Quality Development Strategy of China’s Imports under the Background of US “Cutting-off”

中美在产业分工、文化和经贸合作上的制度差异较大,导致与货物贸易相关的技术投资相对不足,阻碍了进口技术溢出,使得贸易双方获得的生产率收益均相对有限,基于进口的技术合作深度与中美贸易规模极不相称。正是由于美国供应商较少依赖中国市场来加速产品质量升级,2018年上半年以来美国政府频频以“断供”相威胁,使用“实体清单”工具对中国高技术企业禁售。这给中国进口高质量发展带来了很大挑战,长期中可能使中国产业的供应链和创新链受到冲击而整体内缩。为推动形成全面开放新格局、实现“以开放促创新”,中国应主动应对美国制造的经贸摩擦,加快实施进口来源地多元化,提高国内企业的集成创新能力,面向全球布局创新资源,实施开放创新战略。

The institutional distance between China and the United States in terms of division of labor, culture and cooperation of economic and trade is rather large, resulting in relatively insufficient technology investment related to trade in goods, which hinders the technology spillover of imports, leading to comparatively limited productivity gains for both sides of the trade, and disproportion between the depth of technical cooperation based on imports and the scale of Sino-US trade. It is because the US suppliers rely less on Chinese market to accelerate product quality upgrade that since the first half of 2018, the US government has frequently threatened to “cut-off” and used “entity list” to impose sales prohibition on China’s high-tech companies. This has brought great challenges to high quality development of China’s imports. In the long term, the supply chain and innovation chain of China*s industry may suffer from a shock that will lead to an overall contraction. In order to make new ground in pursuing opening up an all fronts and achieve u opening up for innovationM , China should take the initiative to deal with the economic and trade frictions created by the United States. While striving to shorten the institutional distance from a specific country, China should accelerate the diversification of import sources, and vigorously improve the integration innovation capability of domestic enterprises, layout innovation resources globally, and implement an open innovation strategy.