婚姻状态对女性工资的影响及机制分析

The Impact and Mechanisms of Marital Status on Women’s Wages

婚姻状态对女性工资的影响在国内外学术界都没有定论,基于第三期中国妇女社会地位调查教据,在控制住受教育年限、工作经验、职业等诸多因素后,发现已婚女性存在显著的婚姻溢价。通过对婚姻状态影响工资机制的四个主要假说进行检验,发现专业化分工和补偿性差异导致已婚状态对女性工资有负向影响,而婚姻的选择性和雇主偏好会给已婚女性的工资带来正向影响,但是对自雇者而言影响仍然是负向的。本研究无法穷尽婚姻状态对女性工资的所有影响机制,对于四个主要假说的验证研究表明对于中国女性婚姻溢价一定程度上是由于婚姻的选择性和雇主偏好带来的,已婚女性更多地承担家务劳动和为了家庭放弃个人的发展机会对其工资产生负向影响,为改变这一状况需要公共服务的发展和性别平等意识的增强。

There is no unified conclusion among about the impact of marital status on women's wages at home and abroad scholars.Based on the Third Survey of Women's Social Status Survey Data,this article finds that married women have a significant marital premium relative to single women after controlling for years of education,work experience,occupation and so on.The article also explores the source of marital premium.The specialization hypothesis and compensatory hypothesis reveal the negative influence of married status on female wages.The selective hypothesis shows that the choice of marriage will bring a marital premium,and the employer preference hypothesis reveals the positive effect of marriage on female employees but a negative effect on the self-em ployed.This paper cannot exhaust all the influence mechanism of marital status on female wages.The verification of the four main hypotheses shows that the marriage premium for Chinese women is partly due to the selectivity of marriage and employer preference,and married women bear more homework and give up personal development opportunities for families have a negative impact on their wages.To change this situation requires the development of public services and the awareness of gender equality.