创业政策与创业模式匹配对创业绩效影响机制

The impact mechanism of the matching of entrepreneurial policy and entrepreneurial model on entrepreneurial performance

尽管我国创业活动在全球经济体中处于活跃状态,但我国的创业成功率较低,这主要是因为我国创业政策供给与异质性创业模式的匹配度不高。以供需匹配为视角,借助MOS模型,运用独立样本t检验法和多元层次回归分析法,实证分析了创业政策与创业模式匹配对创业绩效的影响机制。研究结果表明:(1)动机激发和机会增加政策有助于提升生存推动型创业者的自我效能感,为其提供更多的创业资源和创业机会;(2)动机激发和技能培育政策有助于增强机会拉动型创业者的创业自信心,提升其专业知识和实践技能;(3)机会增加和技能培育政策有助于扩展创新驱动型创业者的社会关系网络,提升其组织管理能力。鉴于此,政府应采取异质性的创业政策供给,即关注生存推动型创业者的动机激发和机会增加,注重机会拉动型创业者的动机强化和技能培育,侧重创新驱动型创业者的技能提升和机会增加。

Although Chinese entrepreneurial activities are under an active circumstance in the global economy, the rate of Chinese entrepreneurial success is still low. This is because Chinese entrepreneurship policy supply cannot match the heterogeneous entrepreneurial model well. Based on the perspective of supply and demand matching, the independent sample t-test method and the multilevel regression analysis method are employed to empirically analyze the impact mechanism of the matching of entrepreneurial policy and entrepreneurial model on entrepreneurial performance by using MOS model. The results show that:(1)The policies of stimulating motivations and improving skills help to enhance the self-efficacy of survival-driven entrepreneurs and provide them with more entrepreneurial resources and opportunities.(2)The policies of stimulating motivations and increasing opportunities help to enhance the entrepreneurial self-confidence of opportunity-driven entrepreneurs and enhance their professional knowledge and practical skills;(3) The policies of increasing opportunities and improving skills can expand the social relations network of innovation-driven entrepreneurs and improve their organizational management. In view of this, the government should adopt heterogeneous entrepreneurial policy supply measures. For survival-driven entrepreneurs, this paper suggests that government should focus on the entrepreneurial policy of motivation-stimulating and opportunity-increasing. And also, government should emphasize on the entrepreneurial policy of motivation-stimulating and skill-developing for opportunity-driven entrepreneurs. Furthermore,government should intensify the entrepreneurial policy of skill-improving and opportunity-increasing for innovation-driven entrepreneurs.