金属矿山尾矿库溃坝诱因分析及对策

Inducement Analysis and Countermeasures of Dam Break in Tailings Pond of Metal Mine

我国尾矿库溃坝事故多发,造成了严重的人员伤亡和环境破坏。对几十年来我国影响较为严重的尾矿库溃坝事故进行了统计,通过事故分析将溃坝直接原因归为5类:洪水漫顶、边坡失稳、渗透破坏、基础失稳、地震破坏,其中洪水漫顶、边坡失稳、渗透破坏是我国尾矿库溃坝的主要类型。为防止尾矿库溃坝事故的发生,应从提高尾矿库设计和施工质量入手,同时不断提高尾矿库的监测及管理水平。研究结果可为尾矿库溃坝事故的预防和减灾工作提供科学依据。

Dam break accidents occur frequently in tailings pond in China,resulting in serious casualties and environmental damage.The statistics of dam break accidents of tailings pond with serious impact in China in recent decades were made.Through accident analysis,the direct causes of dam break were classified into five categories:flood overtopping,slope instability,seepage failure,foundation instability and earthquake damage.Among them,flood overtopping,slope instability and seepage failure were the main types of dam break.In order to prevent dambreak accident of tailings pond,the design and construction quality of tailings pond should be improved,and the monitoring and management level of tailings pond should be continuously improved.The research results can provide scientific basis for the prevention and mitigation of tailings dam break accidents.