人类世的到来与生态现代主义的后自然思想

Anthropocene and the Post-natural Thought of Eco-modernism

生态现代主义认为,人类世意味着后自然时代的到来。他们主张取消现代主义和传统环境主义的自然概念,提出以强调地方性和交互性的“环境”取代“自然”作为环境伦理的理论根基。依据这一理论基础,生态现代主义认同人类利用技术创新对自然世界进行塑造。这种后自然思想可以为环境伦理在人类世的转型提供新的视角,但是却存在严重的局限性:它无法解决现代主义与生态保护之间的内在张力,并且有可能导致人类对自然无限的人工化。这些局限性会使生态现代主义背离其生态保护的初衷。

Eco-modernism believes that the age of Anthropocene implies an era of post-nature. They reject the concept of nature from Modernism and Environmentalism and propose to replace it with“environment”, which emphasises locality and reciprocity between nature and culture,as the theoretical foundation of environmental ethics in the age of Anthropocene. Based on this argument,the post-natural thought of eco-modernism puts forward a new set of ecological goals which encourages reshaping the natural world with technological innovation. This article argues that eco-modernism could provide a new perspective for the transition of environmental ethics in the age of Anthropocene. However,this theory has serious limitations: it cannot solve the internal tension between modernism and ecological protection,and it may lead to the infinite artificialisation of nature. If these problems are not addressed,eco-modernism will not achieve the original goal of ecological protection.