王国维新学语悲剧之输入考论

Wang Guowei and the Introduction of the New Discourse of Tragedy

在“长十九世纪与短二十世纪”之交的历史结点上,王国维提出新学语之输入的构想以应对时代变革,并选择了悲剧作为实践这构想的具体着力点。在这样的历史处境之下,新学语悲剧之输入并非单纯的学术实践,而是具有强烈的民族主义意图。王国维的目的在于证明中国悲剧之不亚于西方,从而证明中国文学之不亚于西方,最终证明中国文化之不亚于西方,这是他企图将西方中心主义去中心化的策略。然而,该策略却是以西方观念为思想武器的,这是那个历史处境中的普遍悖论。同时,新学语之输入意在使被边缘化的中国文化进入世界体系,又确实构成了对文化帝国主义的反抗,即萨伊德所谓“驶入的航行”。

At the Intersection of the long nineteenth century and short twentieth century,Wang Guowei conceived an idea that to introduce new discourses and put it into practice,and also introduce the new discourse of tragedy as a focal point. The introduction is not purely academic but strongly nationalist under such historical situation. Wang’s strategy for decentralizing the western centrism was to prove that Chinese culture was no worse than the West by proving that Chinese literature was no worse,logically based on the previous proof of Chinese tragedy was no worse. However,the ideological weapons of this strategy were paradoxically the western thought. On the other hand,the introduction of the new discourse of tragedy,intended to bring peripheralized Chinese culture into the world system,indeed constituted a kind of revolt against cultural imperialism, what Said called“the voyage in”