某医学院校学生健康素养现状及影响因素

Health literacy and associated factors among college students in a medical university

目的了解某医学专业学生健康素养现状及其影响因素,为医学院校大学生健康教育提供参考。方法采取随机分层整群抽样的方法,在某医学专业院校3个年级的1 428名学生进行健康素养问卷调查。资料采用率或构成比进行描述,采用χ~2检验进行组间比较,采用Logistic回归分析模型分析影响因素。结果该校大学生具备健康素养水平的比例为57.18%,具备健康知识、健康技能和健康行为的比例分别为58.68%,65.48%,30.88%。该校大学生健康素养女生高于男生,且不同年级、不同专业、父亲受教育程度及职业不同具备健康素养的差异有统计学意义(χ~2值分别为27.748、46.525、19.327、30.779,均有P<0.01)。Logistic回归分析模型分析表明,女生健康素养高于男生(OR=1.521,95%CI:1.160~1.993,P=0.002);不同专业学生健康素养水平由高到低依次为临床医学、护理学、药学以及其他专业;母亲文化程度高的的子女健康素养高于文化程度低的子女。结论该校学生健康素养整体水平相对较高,医学院校应重点培养医学生健康的生活方式,从而提高大学生整体健康素养水平。

Objective To understand the current health literacy level of students in a medical university and its influencing factors, so as to provide references for health education of medical college students. Methods By means of random stratified cluster sampling, health literacy questionnaire survey was conducted among 1 428 students in three grades of a medical university. Ratio and constituent ratio were used to describe the resuls. Chi-square test was used fot comparison among groups. Logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors. Results The percentage of sampled undergraduates in Hebei who had met the health literacy criteria was 57.18%.The percentages of students who had met the health literacy criteria on health concepts and the basic knowledge, and on healthy lifestyles and behaviors, and on the basic health skills were 58.68%, 30.88%, 65.48%,respectively. The health literacy of female college students was higher than that of males. There were statistically significant differences in health literacy among subjects of different grades, majors, fathers with education and fathers with different occupations(χ~2=27.748, 46.525, 19.327, 30.779, all P<0.01). Logistic regression analysis showed that girls’ health literacy was higher than boys’(OR=1.521, 95% CI:1.160-1.993). The health literacy level of students from different majors was in order of clinical medicine, nursing, pharmacy and other majors;The health literacy of the children with highly educated mothers was higher than that of the children with less educated mothers. Conclusions Overall level of health literacy of students in this school is higher than that of undergraduates nationwide. Medical colleges should focus on cultivating healthy lifestyles of medical students, so as to improve the overall health literacy of college students.