二米膜生姜优质高效栽培技术

High Quality and Efficiency Cultivation Techniques of Two-meter Membrane Ginger

生姜是山东省安丘市区域传统栽培的主要农作物。多年来,由于姜种无标准,栽培工艺落后,过量施用化肥、未腐熟的农家肥及含激素的肥料,盲目施用农药,放风、遮阴、浇水管理措施不及时等因素,致使露天小拱棚生姜产量较低。通过探索“三早(早整地、早催芽、早播种)一标(制定姜种标准)一施(施用甲壳素)”,应用延长生姜生育期,配方施肥、合理施药、养根护根、防控病害等新技术,研究出了“二米膜生姜高效栽培模式”,单产高达10 000 kg/667 m2,使生姜单位面积的产量较传统种植方法提高66.7%。该模式的创新点在于全程施用甲壳素,改善土壤,植株根系发达,叶面肥厚,光合利用率提高,抗逆性增强,无机化肥施用量减少,既提高了生姜生产的经济效益、社会效益,也改善了当地的生态环境,实现了生姜的安全优质高效栽培。

Ginger is the main crop traditionally cultivated in Anqiu region. Over the years, due to the lack of standard ginger seeds, backward cultivation technology, excessive application of chemical fertilizers, unripe farm manure and hormone-containing fertilizers, blindly using drugs, ventilation, shading, irrigated watermanagement and other factors, the output of ginger in open-air small arch shed is low. By exploring the new technology of "three early (early preparation, early germination, early sowing) standard (establishment of ginger seed standard) and application (application of chitin)", applying new techniques such as prolonging the growth period of ginger, formula fertilization, rational application of pesticides, root maintenance, disease prevention and control, a new efficient cultivation model of two-meter film ginger yield 10 000 kg/667 m2 was developed. The yield per unit area of ginger was increased by 66.7% compared with the traditional planting methods. The innovation of this model lies in the application of chitin throughout the whole process, which results in the improvement of soil, the development of roots and roots, the hypertrophy of plant leaves, the improvement of photosynthetic utilization rate, the enhancement of stress resistance and the reduction of inorganic fertilizer application. It not only improves the economic and social benefits of ginger industry, but also improves the local ecological benefits. The safe, high quality and high efficiency cultivation of ginger was realized.