燃煤锅炉水冷壁管爆管原因分析和对策

Cause Analysis and Countermeasures of Tube Burst on Water Wall of Coal-fired Boiler

某公司1台燃煤锅炉半年内先后3次发生水冷壁管爆管事故,严重影响工厂的安全生产和正常运行。完成了爆裂壁管的宏观检查,孔洞和鼓包部位的取样,采用化学成分分析、力学性能分析、金相组织分析、电镜扫描分析及能谱分析等检验和检测方法确定了爆裂壁管的材质、垢层、裂纹及断口特征,对比相关标准要求并结合工艺分析确定了爆管故障的成因,针对性实施了水冷壁管的更换操作,提出了合理控制水质、定期切割壁管检验、控制运行负荷及调节风量等对策。

Three water-wall tube bursts occurred in one coal-fired boiler of a company in half a year, which seriously affects the safe production and normal operation. The macroscopical inspection of the burst pipe and the sampling of the holes and bulges was performed, the material, scale, crack and fracture characteristics of burst pipes were determined by chemical composition analysis, mechanical property analysis, metallographic structure analysis, scanning electron microscopy analysis and energy spectrum analysis. The causes of tube burst were determined by comparing the requirements of relevant standards and combining with process analysis, the replacement operation of water-cooled pipes was carried out. The countermeasures such as reasonable control of water quality, regular inspection of wall tubes, control of operating loads and adjustment of air volume were proposed.