列管式热交换器换热管-管板焊缝无损检测方法

Non-destructive Testing Methods for Heat Exchanger Tubes and Tube Sheet Welds of Tubular Heat Exchangers

列管式热交换器换热管-管板焊缝容易发生泄漏,导致热交换器失效。采用无损检测可及时发现焊缝表面和内部的各种缺陷,有效预防和减少热交换器的泄漏故障,保障生产装置的安全可靠运行。介绍了几种常见的换热管-管板连接焊缝形式及易产生的缺陷种类。针对焊缝表面缺陷,介绍了磁粉检测法和渗透检测法。针对焊缝内部缺陷,介绍了棒阳极射线检测法、超声波检测法和相控阵检测法。针对采用ASME标准制造的热交换器的焊缝缺陷,简要介绍了气泡检测法和氦检漏法。结合热交换器的泄漏控制要求和焊接结构,总结了各种无损检测方法的选用要点。

The heat exchanger tube-tube sheet weld is likely to leakage, resulting in heat exchanger failure. Non-destructive testing can be used to detect various defects on the surface and inside of the weld, effectively prevent and reduce the leakage fault of the heat exchanger, and ensure the safe and reliable operation of the production equipment. Several common weld types of heat exchanger tube-tubesheet connection and the types of defects were introduced. For the surface defects of welds, the magnetic particle detection method and the penetration detection method were introduced. For the internal defects of welding seam, the rod-anode radiographic detection, ultrasonic detection and phased array detection were introduced. Aiming at the weld defect of heat exchanger manufactured by ASME standard, the bubble detection method and helium leak detection method were briefly introduced. According to the requirements of leakage control and welding structure of heat exchanger, the selection points of various non-destructive testing methods were summarized.