孔子学说的实质及其历史合理性

The Essence and Historical Rationality of Confucius’ Theory

孔子所处的春秋末期恰逢中国社会转型急剧发生,其中农业文明爆发性增长、封建社会日渐式微并呈现出瓦解态、天下纷争恶性演化和世风日下道德迷失等构成了孔子学说得以发生的主体背景。在以上社会生存结构的规定下,孔子学说蕴涵着礼,以血缘纽带整顿超血缘失稳定社会结构;乐,封建社会的意识形态维系;仁,以德治国的思想支撑这三项基本理论实质,并由此构建了其与中国古代社会生存结构之间的契合关系,从而达成了极大的文化和社会力道,最终以伦理道德维护中华民族的繁衍生存、以压抑种内竞争的方式保障社会结构的稳定、以血缘纽带维系农业文明的发展,呈现了其深在的历史合理性。

Confucius lived in the late Spring and Autumn Period, which coincided with the rapid social transformation in China. Hence, the explosive growth of agricultural civilization, the gradual decline of feudal society and the disintegration of the state, the vicious evolution of world disputes and the moral loss in the world constituted the main background of Confucius’ theory. Confucius’ doctrine contains three basic theoretical essentials: rectifying the unstable social structure of super-consanguinity by consanguinity ties(Li), maintaining the feudal ideology(Yue), and ruling the country by virtue(Ren), thus establishing the relationship between the doctrine and the survival structure of ancient Chinese society. In the end, it shows its profound historical rationality to safeguard the reproduction and survival of the Chinese nation by ethics, guarantee the stability of social structure by suppressing intraspecific competition, and maintain the development of agricultural civilization by blood ties.