人类共同体探索与实践中的自然范式——基于古典时期理论与实践的考察

The Natural Paradigm in the Exploration and Practice of a Community of Shared Future for Mankind—Based on the Study of European Theory and Practice in the Classical Period

"人类命运共同体"立论为全球化和一体化的当代观察和解决世界性问题提供了一个内含伦理、价值的政治理论和课题。对于世界性文本而言,追溯关于人类寻求共同体的理想和实践,具有了政治伦理的历史价值和现实意义。古典政治学中的自然范式与作为范式结果的城邦共同体的理论与实践,是一个地区不断地世界化进程的表现。关于人的假设、主体性理论和现实均发生了转移,就是共同体之人从自然的政治的动物转向了人类之一个的个人,主体性则从雅典公民转向了包括更广的外邦人在内的人民,这种人的范式转移对共同体的范式转移和重构产生了一种内在推动力。古典时代为实现人的自足之善的目的,希图通过城邦--公民途径达致,但因世界联系和人性的普遍性,以及个体身份的"无公度"而导致了价值的不可通约性,并由此造成共同体的不完全性和解构。这为后来人类寻求人的共同范式和建构完全型共同体提供了经验和理性基础。

The theory of "a community of shared future for mankind" provides a political theory and subject with ethics and value for the contemporary observation and solution of the worldwide problems of globalization and integration. As far as the world texts are concerned, tracing back to the ideals and practices of human beings seeking community has historical value and practical significance of political ethics. The theory and practice of the "natural paradigm" and the "city-state community" as the result of the paradigm in classical politics is a manifestation of the continuous process of globalization in a region in terms of the shift of man, of the theory of subjectivity, and of the reality of man. That is, the man in the community has shifted from a natural political animal to one of the individuals of human beings, while the subjectivity has changed from Athenian citizens to the public including a wider range of foreigners. The shift of human paradigm has produced an inner driving force to the shift and reconstruction of the paradigm of the community. In the classical times, in order to achieve human’s good of self-sufficiency, we tried to achieve it through the way of city-state-citizen, but the universality of world connection and human nature as well as the "incommensuracy" of individual identity resulted in the incommensurability of value as well as the incompleteness and deconstruction of the community. This provides the experience and rational basis for later human beings to seek a new common paradigm of mankind and construct a complete community.