一种实践类型的辨识与考察:马克思理论视域下高校社会实践的异化

The Identification and Investigation of Practice: Based on Marx’s Theory View

实践指向人,关注"人的主体性、需要和发展"是马克思主义人学的基本观点。随着时代的变迁和认知行为的延展,与实践相生的问题不仅仅表现为生产对象与社会关系的异化,还表现为人的行为过程体验的某些变化发展。为考察这种变异,本文以"高校学生的社会实践"为研究对象,分析一项具体的"认识社会"的实践活动,如何在实现自身价值的过程中诱发了内在精神与外在活动之间的畸变。通过分析发现,在功利化思潮和实用主义情境的作用下,个体行为认知环节的简化和逆反拒绝--认知主体的消极性取代了实践主体的积极性,破坏了行为认知的完整性,导致实践的意义流失。而治理这一困境,可以从价值引导、规范管理及评估与调整等方面出发,重塑实践的本真价值。

Practice is human-oriented and focuses on "human subjectivity, needs and development", which is the basic viewpoint of Marxist anthropology. With the change of times and the extension of cognitive behavior, the problems associated with practice are not only the alienation of production objects and social relations, but also some change and development in human behavior process experience. To examine this variation, this paper takes the social practice of college students as the research object and explores a specific practice of "understanding society" in which the distortion is induced between internal spirit and external activities in the process of realizing their own value. Through the analysis, it is found that under the influence of utilitarianism and pragmatism, simplification of cognitive links of individual behavior and reverse refusal-the negativity of the cognitive subject-have replaced the the enthusiasm of the practical subject and destroyed the integrity of behavioral cognition, leading to the loss of meaning in practice. In order to solve this problem, we can start from the aspects of value guidance, standard management, evaluation and adjustment, to reshape the true value of practice.