青年伊犁马2000 m测试赛对其心率变异性的影响

Effects of 2 000 m Test Competition of Young Yili Horses on the Heart Rate Variability

【目的】研究青年伊犁马2000m测试赛对其心率变异性的影响,为评估伊犁马运动的疲劳状态及运动状态提供理论参考。【方法】选取20匹2岁健康状况良好的伊犁马,组织测试赛,根据测定运动成绩分为优秀组(10匹)和普通组(10匹),采集马匹赛前、赛后即刻、赛后30min和赛后1h的心率变异性(HRV)时域指标、频域指标和非线性指标,分析各时间点及两组马匹的HRV指标的差异性。【结果】伊犁马2000m测试赛后,优秀组马匹HRV时域指标中全部正常R-R间期的平均值(Mean RR)、全部正常R-R间距的标准差(SDNN)、相邻心搏两R波间距之差值大于50ms的心搏数占心搏总数的百分比(PNN50)、相邻R-R间期差值的均方根(RMSSD)赛后即刻极显著低于赛前(P<0.01),平均心率(Mean HR)赛后即刻极显著高于赛前(P<0.01);频域指标中极低频率(VLF)、低频功率(LF)和高频功率(HF)赛后即刻极显著低于赛前(P<0.01),低频与高频的比值(LF/HF)在赛后即刻显著高于赛前(P<0.05);非线性指标中全部正常R-R间距的标准差(Y)(SD1)和全部正常R-R间距的标准差(X)(SD2)均呈现出赛后即刻极显著低于赛前(P<0.01)。普通组马匹HRV时域指标中Mean RR、SDNN、PNN50和RMSSD在赛后即刻极显著低于赛前(P<0.01),Mean HR赛后即刻极显著高于赛期前(P<0.01);频域指标VLF、LF和HF在赛后即刻极显著低于赛前(P<0.01);非线性指标中SD2赛后即刻极显著低于赛前(P<0.01)。赛前Mean RR、SDNN和RMSSD优秀组马匹均显著高于普通组马匹(P<0.05),VLF和LF赛后即刻优秀组马匹均显著低于普通组马匹(P<0.05)。【结论】伊犁马2 000 m运动后交感神经张力增加、迷走神经张力降低,交感神经和迷走神经二者之间的平衡关系失衡,HRV可以作为评价伊犁马运动性疲劳的有效指标;可以通过在赛前监测Mean RR、RMSSD、SDNN和PNN50指标来评价马匹的运动状态。

【Objective】 The experiment aims to study the effect of 2,000 m test competition on the heart rate variability of young Yili horses in the hope of providing theoretical reference for evaluating the fatigue state and exercise state of Yili horses.【Method】Twenty Yili horses aged 2 years old were selected to organize the test race. According to the measured sports results, they were divided into the excellent group(10 horses) and the ordinary group(10 horses). Time domain index, frequency domain index and nonlinear index of heart rate variability(HRV) were collected before, immediately after race, 30 min after race and 1 hour after race, and the otherness of HRV indexes between different time points and two groups of horses was analyzed.【Result】After the Yili horse 2,000 m test race, HRV time domain index in all normal R-R interphase(mean RR), The standard deviation of RR intervals(SDNN), successive intervals differing more than 50 ms(PNN50), root mean square of successive differences(RMSSD) of the excellent group were significantly lower than those before the race(P< 0.01), the average heart rate(mean HR) after the race was significantly higher than that before the race(P<0.01). Among the frequency domain indexes, very low frequency(VLF), low frequency(LF) and high frequency(HF) were significantly lower immediately after the race than before the race(P<0.01). The ratio of low frequency to high frequency(LF/HF) was significantly higher immediately after the race than before the race(P<0.05). The standard deviation(Y)(SD1) and the standard deviation(X)(SD2) of all normal R-R spacing in the nonlinear indexes were significantly lower immediately after the race than before the race(P<0.01). Mean RR, SDNN, PNN50 and RMSSD in the HRV time domain in the ordinary group were significantly lower immediately after the race than before(P<0.01), and Mean HR were significantly higher immediately after the race than before(P<0.01). Frequency indexes VLF, LF and HF were significantly lower immediately after the game than before(P<0.01). Among the nonlinear indexes, the SD2 immediately after the race was significantly lower than that before the race(P<0.01). The Mean RR, SDNN and RMSSD of the excellent group were significantly higher than those of the ordinary group(P<0.05), and the VLF and LF of the excellent group were significantly lower than those of the ordinary group(P<0.05).【Conclusion】After the exercise of Yili horse at 2,000 m, the sympathetic nerve tension increases, the vagus nerve tension decreases, and the balance between the sympathetic nerve and the vagus nerve is disturbed. So HRV can be used as an effective index to evaluate the exercise fatigue of Yili horses. Mean RR, RMSSD, SDNN and PNN50 indexes could be monitored before the race to evaluate the movement status of horses.