基因敲除技术在微生物中的应用

Advances in Gene Knockout Techniques in Microbiology

随着分子生物学技术的发展,基因敲除技术越来越广泛地应用于动植物、微生物领域,成为研究生物基因功能最有力的工具之一。基因敲除技术在改造动植物、微生物基因组、研究发育生物学、鉴定新基因新功能、育种以及医疗领域都有应用价值。针对微生物方面,对实现基因敲除的各种原理方法,RecA系统同源重组法, Red系统同源重组法,基于自杀载体的同源重组法,基于温敏型质粒的同源重组法, CRISPR/Cas系统介导的基因敲除方法进行了总结,比较各自的优缺点,并提供一些成功案例以及各种方法相关的发明专利,以期对了解基因敲除技术的方法与发展提供参考。

With the development of molecular biological technology, the gene knockout techniques has become more and more widely applied to plants, animals, and microorganisms, and one of the most powerful tools for studying the function of biological genes. The gene knockout technology has the application values in the fields of transforming plants, animals, microbial genome, study on developmental biology, identification of new functions of new genes, breeding and medical treatment. Since the authors focuses on microorganisms, the principle of various methods about gene knockout, RecA system of homologous recombination method, Red system of homologous recombination method, homologous recombination method, based on suicide carrier, homologous recombination method, based on thermosensitive plasmid homologous recombination method, CRISPR/Cas system mediated gene knock out method were summarized, compared their advantages and disadvantages, and provided some successful cases and a variety of methods related invention patent. Hopefully through this article people could have a clear understanding to the methods and development of gene knockout technology.