铜仁市碧江区盛夏果蔬玉米种植试验及气候影响分析

Planting Experiment and Climate Effect Analysis of Maize Used as Fruit or Vegetable in Bijiang District of Tongren City in Midsummer

2017年在铜仁市碧江区开展盛夏果蔬玉米种植试验,基于1981-2010年铜仁气象观测站30年气象资料,采用对比分析法探讨了碧江区盛夏种植果蔬玉米的适应性,并分析了2017年盛夏气候条件对果蔬玉米生长的不利影响。结果表明,碧江区大部分乡镇气候条件总体适宜种植果蔬玉米。在该地区盛夏种植果蔬玉米生育期短,仅为75 d,单产可达11 400 kg/hm2,比春播常规杂交玉米增产9%,产值达45 600元/hm2,比常规玉米增加74.4%,实现了两熟制,提高了复种指数,但由于该地区夏伏旱天气发生率高,对果蔬玉米苗期生长有不利影响。因此,应选择在水源浇灌条件相对较好的地块采用宽窄行种植。

In 2017,the planting experiment of maize used as fruit or vegetable was carried out in Bijiang District of Tongren City in midsummer.Based on the 30-year meteorological data of Tongren Meteorological Observation Station from 1981 to 2010,the adaptability of the maize in midsummer in Bijiang District was discussed by using comparative analysis method,and the adverse effects of climate conditions on the growth of the maize in midsummer in 2017 were analyzed. The results showed that the climate conditions of most towns in Bijiang District were suitable for planting the maize.Its growth period was short in the region(only 75 days),the yields could reach 11 400 kg/hm2,9% higher than that of spring sowing conventional hybrid maize.The output value was 45 600 yuan/hm2,increased by 74.4%.The double ripening system was realized and the multiple cropping index increased.However,owing to the high incidence of drought in summer in the region,the growth of maize used as fruit or vegetable was adversely affected at the seedling stage. Therefore,the planting mode of broad line and narrow line should be selected in the land with relatively good irrigation conditions.