不同除草剂对豆薯菟丝子的防效与安全性试验

Research on Control Efficiency and Safety of Different Herbicides Against Cuscuta chinensis Lam. on Pachyrhizus erosus(Linn.) Urb.

选用7种除草剂对豆薯菟丝子进行茎叶喷雾处理,药后7 d调查菟丝子防除效果和豆薯叶片药害率,药后15 d调查豆薯块茎药害率。结果表明,30%草甘膦异丙胺盐水剂500倍液和1 000倍液对菟丝子茎尖防除效果分别达到95.00%和92.50%,对藤茎的防效分别为85.83%和80.83%,但对寄主植物豆薯叶片药害率分别为49.80%和3.72%;50%乙草胺乳油150倍液对菟丝子茎尖防除效果为83.33%,对藤茎防效为75.83%,对豆薯叶片药害率仅为0.89%;44%氟醚·灭草松水剂250倍液对菟丝子茎尖防除效果为81.67%,对藤茎防效为68.33%,对豆薯叶片无药害影响;其余除草剂虽对豆薯安全性好,但对菟丝子防除效果一般。从菟丝子防除效果和豆薯安全性方面综合考量,50%乙草胺乳油150倍液和44%氟醚·灭草松水剂250倍液可选作本地豆薯菟丝子防控的化学除草剂。

Seven kinds of herbicides were selected to spray the stems and leaves of Cuscuta chinensis Lam. on Pachyrhizus erosus(Linn.)Urb.,then the control efficiency on Cuscuta chinensis Lam.,the phytotoxicity rate of leaves and tubers of Pachyrhizus erosus(Linn.)Urb.were investigated after7 d and 15 d,respectively.The results showed that using 30% glyphosate isopropylamine salt AS diluting 500 times and 1 000 times,the control efficiency of stem tips of Cuscuta chinensis Lam.were 95.00% and 92.50%,the control efficiency of rattans were 85.83% and 80.83%,and the phytotoxicity rate of leaves of Pachyrhizus erosus(Linn.)Urb.were 49.80% and 3.72%,respectively.The control efficiency on stem tips and rattans of Cuscuta chinensis Lam.and the phytotoxicity rate of leaves of Pachyrhizus erosus(Linn.)Urb.using 50% acetochlor EC diluting 150 times were 83.33%,75.83% and 0.89%,respectively.When dealing with 44% fluoroether & bentazone AS diluting 250 times,the control efficiency on stem tips and rattans of Cuscuta chinensis Lam. were corresponding to 81.67% and 68.33%,and there was no harmful effects on leaves of Pachyrhizus erosus(Linn.)Urb..Rest of other herbicides were safe to Pachyrhizus erosus(Linn.)Urb.,while the control efficiency on Cuscuta chinensis Lam.were not superior.Comprehensive considerations from the control effect of Cuscuta chinensis Lam.and the safety of Pachyrhizus erosus(Linn.)Urb.,50% acetochlor EC diluting 150 times and 44%fluoroether & bentazone AS diluting 250 times could be used for local control Cuscuta chinensis Lam.on Pachyrhizus erosus(Linn.)Urb.