游走于权力网络中的灰色地带——“孤岛”时期的《大美晚报》研究

Grey Zones in the Political Network: The Shanghai Evening Post and Mercury during the Period of Isolated Island

1937年12月,《大美晚报》利用其美商身份和上海租界治外法权在"孤岛"掀起了"洋旗报"运动,成为上海抗战宣传的舆论先锋。全面抗战前,《大美晚报》鲜明的抗战立场化解了它与国民政府因新闻报道而产生的矛盾,并因国民政府开始意识到对外宣传工作的重要性而使其受到重视。但与此同时,《大美晚报》也成为日本及其扶植的伪政权的眼中钉。通过发掘和利用新史料,本文旨在探讨《大美晚报》如何因应日伪政权、上海租界当局和蒋介石领导的国民政府构成的三方权力网络。基于《大美晚报》的历史叙述,本文试图展现新闻业与国民政府之间在"孤岛"形成更为紧密纽带关系的过程,以及这一过程如何促使国民政府强化其对于新闻业的主导权。

The Shanghai Evening Post and Mercury by utilising its position as an American owned newspaper and the still existed extraterritoriality in Shanghai became a pioneer to start the Foreign Flag Movement,and acquired the leading position of the public opinions against Japan in Shanghai.As the newspaper’s clear and sharp standpoint against Japanese invasion in the Isolated Island,and the importance of conducting international propaganda began to be realised by the Nationalist Government since the outbreak of the War of Resistance of Japan,the pre-war tense situation derived from news reporting between the Shanghai Evening Post and Mercury and the National Government under the leadership of Chiang Kai-shek was fundamentally changed since the‘Isolated Island’period.However,it made the Japanese authority and Chinese collaborative regimes Japanese supported hostile to the paper.By employing a miscellaneous assortment of primacy sources,this article will reveal and discuss the complex relations amongst the Shanghai Evening Post and Mercury,Chiang Kai-shek’s Nationalist Government,Japanese authority and Chinese collaborate regimes,and the authorities of the International Settlement and the French Concession in the Isolated Island.Based on the narratives,the article is aimed at presenting the process of establishing a closer tie between the press and political network in the Isolated Island Shanghai,which facilitated the Nationalist Government to dominate Chinese journalism.