欧洲缘何泛起排斥穆斯林族群的思潮?

Why is There a Social Trend of Rejection of Muslims in Europe?

“九·一一”事件后,欧洲出现排斥穆斯林族群的思潮,且在阿拉伯剧变后尤其是随着难民危机的发生,这种思潮愈演愈烈。其原因具有复杂性和多元性,即“伊斯兰威胁欧洲”的虚假镜像是穆斯林族群被排斥的社会心理因素;历史冲突记忆和现实恐怖主义袭击是导致欧洲穆斯林族群被排斥的历史和现实因素;族群问题的政治化与工具化是导致欧洲穆斯林族群被排斥的政治因素和媒体因素。欧洲民众的反穆斯林情绪上升,一方面反穆斯林的极右翼政党崛起,导致欧洲政坛民粹化;另一方面,欧洲穆斯林族群的处境更加艰难。当下,全面评价欧洲穆斯林族群在移民国经济、社会发展中的作用与影响,正确区分整个穆斯林族群与穆斯林中个别极端恐怖分子,破解穆斯林移民在社会融入、身份认同方面面临的困境,是欧洲各国政府及民众亟待解决的严峻问题。

After the September 11 incident,there was a trend of rejection of Muslim communities in Europe,which has intensified after the Arab upheaval,especially after the refugee crisis.The reasons are complex and diverse.The false mirror image of“Islamic threat to Europe”is a social psychological factor in which Muslim communities are excluded.The historical conflict memory and realistic terrorist attacks are historical factors and realistic factors that lead to the exclusion of European Muslim communities.The politicization and instrumentalization of ethnic issues are political and media factors that lead to the exclusion of Muslim communities in Europe.The anti-Muslim sentiment of the European people has risen.On the one hand,the rise of the anti-Muslim far-right party has led to the populization of European politics;on the other hand,the situation of the Muslim communities in Europe is even more difficult.At present,it is urgent for the European governments and peoples to comprehensively evaluate the role and influence of Muslim communities in the economic and social development of the hosting countries,correctly distinguish the entire Muslim community from the individual extremist terrorists,and solve the dilemmas faced by Muslim immigrants in terms of social integration and identification.