“理想国”何以需要正义

Why Does the Republic Need Justice?

《理想国》大部分内容都是围绕着“正义”展开讨论的。在《理想国》开篇,色拉叙马霍斯提出了“不正义是否更有利”的问题。为了回答这个问题,苏格拉底分别详细讨论了城邦和个人的正义,并通过认识论深化了两者的同构关系,从而把个人正义的讨论转移到城邦正义。卷八则通过探讨各种不同类型的城邦,正面回应了卷一的提问,并得出这样一个结论:不正义非但不会有利,而且会引导国家走向奴役。

At the beginning of The Republic, Chalasmajos raised the question of whether injustice was more beneficial. In order to answer this question, Socrates respectively discussed in detail the justice of city-state and individual, and deepened their isomorphic relationship in epistemological aspect, thus transferring the discussion of individual justice to city-state justice. Volume 8 of The Republic responded positively to questions raised in Volume 1 by discussing various types of city-state, and concluded that injustice would not be beneficial, and it would lead the country to slavery.