六朝岭南家族统治新探——兼论家族治下的地方权力构造

A New Discussion about the Family Rule Patterns in Lingnan Region during the Six Dynasties

六朝政权对疆域内各区域的治理具有明显的差异性,当时岭南出现的“家族统治”现象就是一例。就地域来源而言,可将之区分为在地豪族的“世袭式”统治和侨人家族的“断续式”统治。在地豪族控制州郡主要凭借的是家族势力及在地方上的领导力;而侨人家族的出任,主要是朝廷欲借重该家族与岭南吏民的“义故”关系。家族治下的岭南地方权力构造是在地豪族联合,抑或侨旧家族合作来控制地方,实际反映了岭南地方豪族势力的强大。岭南家族统治的出现和延续,虽有其弊端,但能降低中央控制地方的政治和军事成本,在非常时期稳定地方统治秩序。

During the Six Dynasties,some families dominated the positions of provincial governors and county heads for generations,which is referred in this study as family rules.There were two types of family rules.One is the hereditary rule of the aboriginal families and the other is the discontinuous rule of the migrant families.The aboriginal families mainly ruled by relying on clan power and their local influence,while the migrant families mainly ruled by relying on the court support and their relationship with some local officials and people.The two types of family rules are both based upon the foundation of family alliance,which reflects the strong power of the elite families in that region.With some defects,the family rule reduced the cost of the court and benefited the social order of that region.