罗素人性论的阐释与评析

Analysis and Interpretation of Russell’s Theories on Human Nature

罗素的人性论主要有两个方面内容:一方面,人性结构包括本能与理智。人作为高等动物具有自然的本能,而又超越了动物性,具有精神性的理智,本能和理智作为人性内在的矛盾,使人类需要伦理学;另一方面,人性可分为个体性与社会性。罗素从生物学角度指出,人是半群居动物而具有社会性,个体性使人有个体利益需要满足,社会性使人服从集体利益的需要,两者也是矛盾的,也需要伦理学的调节。因而,基于马克思主义的立场和方法在阐释人性论的基础上进一步展开评析,指出罗素人性论的特点和其在罗素的道德哲学与政治哲学方面的重要价值。

The theory of human nature of Russell is divided into two main parts.On the one hand,human structure consists of instinct and reason.As the higher animal,human being is endowed with natural instinct and the spirit of reason when going beyond the animal.The internal contradiction between human instinct and reason causes the emergence of ethics.On the other hand,human nature subsumes human individuality and sociality.From the biological view,Russell points out that as semi-social animal,the individual interests of human being need to be met for its individuality,while social needs forces human being to submit to the collective interests.The contradiction between individuality and sociality needs the regulation of ethics.The present paper,based on the Marxism view and approach,tempts to make analysis of Russell theory on human nature and show the value of moral philosophy and political philosophy of Russell.