基于中考和高考成绩数据的高中学校教育教学效能增值性评价

Value-Added Evaluation of Senior High School Education and Teaching Efficiency Based on the Score Data of Zhongkao and Gaokao

传统的“唯分数”评价需要破除,新的发展性评价亟须建立。学校教育教学效能是衡量学校教育教学活动科学性和有效性的重要指标。选取江苏省某市43所高中3193名学生的中考和高考成绩数据进行实证研究,采用增值评价模型评估学校的教育教学效能。结果表明,该市高中学校教育教学整体效能较高,不同学校教育教学效能存在差异,不同学生群体教育教学效能存在差异,结果评价与增值评价整体上具有一致性、局部差异较大,增值评价在解决生源起点不公的问题上具有独特优势。据此,教育主管部门应重视运用增值性评价方法评估学校效能,注重过程性、发展性评价,促进普通高中多样化、有特色发展。

The guiding instructions of reforming educational methods of senior high schools in the new era endues new significance to the study of school effectiveness. The traditional belief of“score-only”evaluation shall be replaced, and new developmental evaluations shall be established. This study uses Zhongkao and Gaokao score data of 3,193 students from 43 senior high schools in a city of Jiangsu Province to conduct an empirical research, and the value-added evaluation model is used to evaluate the school education and teaching effectiveness. The results indicate that the overall school effectiveness of these senior high schools is high. There are differences in the education and teaching effectiveness of different schools. There are differences in the education and teaching effectiveness of different groups of students. The two assessment methods of the evaluation based on results and value-added are consistent in the whole, whereas local differences are comparatively large. In short, value-added evaluation has a unique advantage in solving the problem of unfair starting point. Accordingly, the education authorities should attach importance to the use of value-added evaluation methods to assess school effectiveness, focus on process and developmental evaluation, and promote the diversified development of senior high schools.