秸秆还田及化肥配施的经济环境效益分析

Economic and Environmental Benefits of Straw Returning to Field and Chemical Fertilizer Combination

为研究秸秆还田及化肥配施对农作物经济效益和环境效益的影响,设置不施肥(CK)、常规施肥(F)、常规施肥+秸秆还田(SF)、常规减量施肥+15%结合秸秆还田(SDF)四个不同处理组进行田间小区试验。结果表明:在经济效益方面,秸秆还田+常规施肥组(SF)油菜产量最高,与常规施肥组(F组)相比,增产了1.64%,纯收益增加0.80%,秸秆还田对经济效益有促进作用;在环境效益方面,与常规施肥组(F组)相比,常规施肥+秸秆还田组(SF组)、常规减量施肥+15%结合秸秆还田(SDF组)显著降低总氮径流流失总量12.51%和23.47%,总磷径流流失总量降低0.64%和1.26%。综合经济效益和环境效益得出,在常规施肥条件下,秸秆还田可以实现作物的增产增收,降低农田径流氮磷流失负荷,减轻化肥投入对环境的潜在威胁。

Exploration of straw and chemical fertilizer effects on crops of economic benefits and environmental benefits.Methods of No fertilization(CK),conventional fertilization(F),conventional fertilizer+straw(SF)and conventional fertilizer+15%combined with straw returning(SDF)of four different treatment groups of field trials are used.Results show that in terms of economic benefits,the yield of rapeseed in SF group was the highest,compared with F group,the yield increased by 1.64%and the net income increased by 0.80%.The return of straw to field promoted the economic benefits.In terms of environmental benefits,compared with F group,the conventional fertilization+straw returning increased the yield of rapeseed.Field group(SF group),conventional reduced fertilization+15%combined with straw returning(SDF group)significantly reduced total nitrogen runoff loss by 12.51%and 23.47%,total phosphorus runoff loss by 0.64%and 1.26%.Conclusion shows the comprehensive economic benefits and environmental benefits,in conventional fertilization conditions,crop straw can increase production,reduce the load of nitrogen and phosphorus loss from farmland runoff,and reduce fertilizer input potential threats to the environment.