法律的评价要素之认识错误

On the cognitive mistake of legal evaluation element and the judgemental approach

法律的评价要素是规范性构成要件要素的类型之一。法律的评价要素的故意认识要求应满足规范性构成要件要素的基本原理,即只有行为人同时具备对直接(裸)的事实的认识和对“补强违法性的基础事实”的认识,才能认定为故意。然而,理论上可能混淆了前置法规范和补强违法性的基础事实,导致将法律的评价要素被按照记述性要素的认识标准来处理,在司法实践中“外行人的平行评价”标准又被提高到了法官的评价标准,导致法律的评价要素的认识要求被不当降低。因此,理论上需要澄清前置法规范并非补强违法性的事实本身,而是正确认识它的初步依据。在主观认识标准上,用垂直涵摄代替“外行人的平行评价”,以此来判断对法律的评价要素的认识错误应归属于何种错误类型。

Legal evaluation element is a kind of normative elements.The cognition factors requirement of crime intention of legal evaluation element should meet the basic principles of normative elements.Only when the actor has both the cognition for physical facts and the cognition for " facts Representing illegality",then the establishment of intention can be affirmed.However,the criminal lawmay have confused the prepositive laws with the "facts representing illegality" theoretically,and it has treated legal evaluation elements as descriptive elements.Further in judicial practice,"the parallel evaluation standard of the ordinary?being" has been raised to the evaluation standard of the judicature,which leads to the improper reduction of the cognition factors requirement of legal evaluation element.Therefore,it is necessary to clarify the distinction and connection between prepositive laws and "facts representing illegality" in criminal law.And on the judgemental approach of subjective cognition factors, we should replace "the parallel evaluation standard of the ordinary?being" with legal vertical subsumtion,and then further to judge which kind of mistake the actor has made,fact or the cognition mistake of law.