古城民居院落与街廓形态的“模数”关系研究——以辽宁明代三座古城为例

Study on the “Module” Relationship between the Courtyards and Blocks of Ancient Cities——A Case of Three Ancient Cities of Ming Dynasty in Liaoning

在我国当前的古城遗产保护中,大多数案例缺乏对街廓和院落形态层面的法定控制,导致古城中"大拆大建"的情况时有发生。基于对辽宁多座明代古城的实地调研,文章以兴城、复州和盖州三城为例,梳理古城中街廓与民居院落的形态特征,发现民居在平面上以南北向矩形"合院"为主,而街廓形态则多为东西向矩形,二者在空间尺度上具有相互适应的"模数关系",反映出辽宁明代古城在营建时的"整体城市设计"思想,最后提出,在古城保护中应重视对街廓和产权地块形态的整体性保护。

In the protection of China's most ancient cities,most cases are lack of statutory control over the street block and the courtyard form,which has led to the occurrence of" large demolition and large construction".Based on the field investigation of several ancient cities in Ming Dynasty in Liaoning,this papers takes Xincheng,Fuzhou and Gaizhou as examples to sort out the morphological features of the block and the courtyards in the ancient cities.It is found that the residential buildings are mainly in the north-south rectangular" courtyard", while the street profiles are mostly east-west rectangles,the two have a" modulus relationship" on the spatial scale,which reflects the idea of" overall urban design" in the construction of the cities in Ming Dynasty in Liaoning.Finally,this paper proposes that the protection of the ancient city should pay attention to the overall protection of the blocks and the forms of lots with property rights.