中国政府采购能够促进企业就业吗?——来自制造业企业的经验发现

Can Government Procurement Promote Employment in China? Evidence from Manufacturing Enterprises

通过政府采购的杠杆作用促进就业是国际上的通行做法,那么,中国的政府采购能够作用于现阶段的“稳就业”吗?本文使用世界银行的中国投资环境调查数据,在就业数量与就业质量两个方面,从微观企业层面检验了政府采购的就业效应。研究发现,政府采购明显地促进了就业数量的增加,获得政府采购的企业就业人数增加6.4%,企业获取政府采购的销售占比每增加1个百分点,企业就业人数增加1.49‰;但政府采购促进企业提升就业质量的效应明显偏弱。现阶段中国的“稳就业”需要高度重视政府采购的作用,既要以此促进企业稳定就业数量,又要通过政府采购的全面深化改革不断提升就业质量。

Promoting employment through the leverage of government procurement is a common practice in most countries of the world. Can government procurement stabilize employment in China? Using the data of China Investment Climate Survey implemented by the World Bank, this paper examines the employment effect of government procurement from the micro-enterprise level, in terms of both employment quantity and quality. This study finds that government procurement has a positive effect of promoting employment in China. Analysis results show that government procurement has increased enterprise employment by 6.4 percent, and the number of employees could increase by 1.49 per thousand, with 1 percent increase in the proportion of sales of the enterprise acquired from government procurement. However, the effect of government procurement in improving the quality of employment is weak. Based on these findings, this paper calls for emphasis on government procurement in stabilizing employment quantity, as well as in improving the quality of employment through deepening the reform concerning government procurement.