养殖海域与近岸潮滩微塑料污染特征

Characteristics of Micro-plastic Pollution in Cultured Sea Areas and Nearshore Tidal Flats

[目的]以舟山群岛养殖海域的海洋生物和养殖区附近海岛潮滩与海水为对象,调查舟山养殖海域中微塑料(MPs)的污染特征,揭示MPs的分布特征、来源和对养殖海域的生态威胁,为海洋渔业MPs污染的研究与应对提供依据,也为水产养殖业有关MPs的生态风险评价提供基础数据。[方法]选取舟山典型水产养殖区、海岛潮滩作为采样区域,采集潮滩沉积物、养殖区海水和水生生物样品,利用饱和氯化钠浮选法分离样品中的MPs,研究MPs的丰度和分布,分析养殖海域样品中MPs的粒径、形状等特征。[结果]MPs在海洋生物、海水和海滩中的丰度分别为(307.9±9.5~1798.8±57.4)个/kg、(16.6±4.3~27.8±15.1)个/m^3、(63.7±3.7~4292.2±59.6)个/kg,类型主要为发泡、碎片、颗粒、薄膜和纤维类。[结论]舟山养殖区海洋生物及其生存海域、海岛潮间带全部受到MPs的污染,MPs来源复杂多样,包括陆源性污染和洋流、海浪、风力作用以及人类密集活动所导致等,微塑料的污染对舟山水产养殖业和渔业造成潜在威胁。

[Objective]The pollution characteristics of microplastics in quatic animals,seawater,and sediment of aquaculture farms in Zhoushan were investigated,the distribution characteristics and origins of MPs were studied,the results provide the available data for ecological risk assessment and the control of MPs pollution in coastal area of China.[Method]The distribution of MP abundances in the coastal zones and the aquaculture farms from Zhoushan was studied.The extraction method was optimize the flotation,separation and identification method.The composition and morphological characteristics of MPs collected in sediments were analyzed.[Result]The average concentrations of MPs in sediments,seawater and animals ranged from 63.7±3.7 to 4 292.2±59.6 items/kg,16.6±4.3 to 27.8±15.1 items/m 3,and 307.9±9.5 to 1 798.8±57.4 items/kg,respectively.The main types of microplastics were foams,fragments,granules,films and fibers,among which foams and fragments accounted for the largest proportion.[Conclusion]The research results showed that the aquatic animals in the aquaculture farm of Zhoushan and the intertidal zones of Zhoushan are generally polluted by microplastics.The microplastics in Zhoushan have complex sources of pollution,including land-based pollution and Ocean currents,waves,wind power and intensive human activities.The pollution of microplastics posed a potential threat to aquaculture and fisheries of Zhoushan.