OFDI、逆向技术溢出对绿色全要素生产率的影响研究

Research on the influence of OFDI and reverse technology spillover on green total factor productivity

在中国对外直接投资快速增长的当下,科学考察对外直接投资及逆向技术溢出对中国绿色全要素生产率的影响,具有十分重要的现实意义。本文利用SBM方向距离函数及Malmquist-Luenberger指数(ML指数)测算了2003—2015年中国29个省份绿色全要素生产率,并运用空间杜宾模型(SDM)实证考察了对外直接投资及逆向技术溢出对中国绿色全要素生产率的影响。研究结果表明:①对外直接投资逆向技术溢出能够显著促进绿色全要素生产率增长;②对外直接投资逆向技术溢出能够通过促进本地区技术能力对绿色全要素生产提升产生积极作用;③总体上看,对外直接投资逆向技术溢出不仅能够促进本地区绿色全要素生产率增长,同时也能够通过空间溢出机制,显著提高周边省份的绿色全要素生产率;④对外直接投资逆向技术溢出对省份绿色全要素生产率的影响存在区域异质性,对东部、中部省份和经济发达地区的绿色全要素生产率有显著的正向影响,但对于西部省份和欠发达地区,溢出效应并不明显。中国应进一步加大对外直接投资,鼓励企业投资海外高科技产业,特别是扩大对清洁能源领域的投资;同时,加快吸收和引进发达国家先进的绿色生产技术、生产工艺和管理经验,通过对外直接投资的逆向技术溢出,提高本国绿色全要素生产率水平,最终实现经济的绿色转型。

Under the background of high-quality economic development, improving green total factor productivity has become the attention of the Chinese government and academia. At the moment when China’s foreign direct investment is growing rapidly, it is of great practical significance to scientifically examine the impact of foreign direct investment and reverse technology spillovers on China’s green total factor productivity. Given this, this paper used the SBM direction distance function to calculate the Malmquist-Luenberger index (ML index). By measuring the green total factor productivity of 29 provinces in China from 2003 to 2015, and using the Spatial Dubin Model (SDM), this paper empirically examined the impact of provincial foreign direct investment and reverse technology spillover on China’s green total factor productivity. The results showed that:① The reverse technology spillover of foreign direct investment could significantly promote green total factor productivity growth.② The reverse technology spillovers of foreign direct investment played a positive role in accelerating the development of green all-factor production by promoting regional technological capabilities.③ On the whole, the reverse technology spillover of foreign direct investment could not only promote the growth of green total factor productivity in the region, but also significantly increase the green total factor productivity of neighboring provinces through the space spill mechanism.④ The impact of foreign direct investment of reverse technology spillover on provincial green total factor productivity had its regional heterogeneity. This impact was significant positive in eastern and central provinces and economically developed regions, but not obvious in the western provinces and underdeveloped regions. This means that, in order to improve the level of green total factor productivity, China should keep accelerating the pace of foreign direct investment, expanding the scope of foreign investment, and encouraging enterprises to go out and invest in high-tech industries, especially those specialized in clean energy. At the same time, we should actively accelerate the absorption and introduction of advanced green production technologies, production process and management experience of developed countries, and improve the country’s green total factor productivity through reverse technology spillovers of foreign direct investment, and eventually achieve a green transformation of the economy.