区域生态补偿均衡定价机制及其理论框架研究

Research on the equilibrium pricing mechanism and theoretical framework of regional ecological compensation

首先从土地利用转移的视角,运用经济学效用理论构建生态用地-经济用地的权衡系统,并以此推演出区域生态补偿定价机制的理论模型与分析框架;然后,在保证生态系统平衡以及剥离自然因素对生态系统服务间接使用价值的影响之后对现有区域生态补偿的均衡定价方式进行修正。研究结果:①以间接使用价值为计算基础和剔除自然因素对生态环境的破坏可以有效防止区域生态补偿定价的高估,并且遵循生态补偿的基本原则。②从省级研究区域来看,坡度、坡向等地形因素对单位面积生态系统服务间接使用价值产生非常显著的正向影响,即坡度越高、越靠近阳坡的地方生态环境水平越高。整体来看,气温在5%的生态显著性上对单位面积生态系统服务间接使用价值产生正向影响,并且暖湿区域气温对单位面积生态系统服务间接使用价值的边际贡献大于干旱区域气温的边际贡献,而降水量对单位面积生态系统服务间接使用价值影响不显著。③人均生态足迹对单位面积生态系统服务间接使用价值的边际贡献为-6.989,即人均生态足迹增加1hm2,单位面积上的生态系统服务间接使用价值减少6.989元。④2015年生态补偿的总金额达到813.496亿元,平均每年增加54.179亿元,并且支付重心沿着“东北-中部-西北”的V型路径进行转移。生态补偿区逐渐突破胡焕庸线,社会发展与资源环境处于严重失衡的状态,特别是西北地区由生态受偿区变为生态补偿区。表明在生态脆弱性和敏感性的作用下,西部地区生态系统的可持续能力与修复能力在不断恶化。

Pricing mechanism and analysis framework of regional ecological compensation were promoted based on trade-off system of ecological land and economic land according to utility theory from the perspective of land use transfer for correcting the regional ecological compensation at the condition of balance of the ecosystem and eliminating impact of natural factors on ecological value. The results shows as follows:①Appling indirect using value and eliminating impact of natural factors can effectively prevent overestimation and observe the basic principles of ecological compensation.②Slope and aspect have very positive significantly effect on indirect use of ecosystem services perunit area;namely the steeper slop and the more closer to the sunny slope, the more abundant indirect use value of ecosystem services per unit area is. The temperature has a positive effect on the indirect use value of ecosystem services per unit area at the significant level of 5%, and the marginal effect of temperature in the warm and humid region is greater than that in the arid area, while the rainfall has or significance.③The marginal effect of ecological footprint is -6.989, which means that the ecological footprint per capita is increased by 1 hm 2, and the indirect use value of ecosystem services per unit area is reduced by 6.989 RMB.④The total amount of ecological compensation in 2015 reached 81.349 6 billion RMB and average annual increase of 5.417 9 billion RMB, and the gravity center of payment transferred along ‘V’ shaped path of ‘northeast-central-northwest’. The ecological compensation areas gradually broke through the ‘Hu Huanyong’ line, which indicates that the social development and resources environment were serious imbalanced, especially in the northwest region from the ecological output areas to the ecological import areas. It shows that under the interaction of ecological vulnerability and sensitivity, the sustainability and restoration ability of ecosystems are deteriorating in the western region.