疏水疏油聚氨酯纳米纤维膜的制备及防雾霾窗纱的应用研究

Preparation of hydrophobic and oleophobic polyurethane nanofiber membranes and application research of anti-haze window screenings

为构建一种高效低阻的疏水疏油过滤材料,将含氟聚氨酯(FPU)添加到聚氨酯(PU)纺丝液中,利用静电纺丝技术制备FPU/PU纳米纤维,并对不同FPU添加量的纳米纤维的结构形貌及纳米纤维膜的性能进行系统表征和分析,还将其应用于防雾霾窗纱中,测试防雾霾窗纱的相关过滤性能。结果显示:当PU质量分数为15.00%,NaCl质量分数为0.02%,FPU添加量为12.00%时,所得FPU/PU纳米纤维的直径为112.05 nm, FPU/PU纳米纤维膜的水接触角为142°、油接触角为138°,呈现出良好的疏水疏油性能,且当控制纺丝时间为45 min时,所得防雾霾窗纱的过滤效率可达到91.264%,过滤阻力为48.852 Pa,过滤性能优异,其在空气净化领域有着巨大的应用前景。

In order to construct a kind of high-efficiency and low-resistance hydrophobic and oleophobic filter materials, fluorine-containing polyurethane(FPU)/polyurethane(PU) nanofibers were prepared with electrospinning technology by adding FPU into PU spinning solution. The morphology of nanofibers and properties of nanofiber membranes with different FPU additive amounts were systematically characterized and analyzed. Then the nanofibers were used in anti-haze window screenings and their filtering performance was tested. The results showed that when the PU mass fraction was 15.00%, NaCl mass fraction was 0.02%, and the additive amount of FPUwas 12. 00%, the diameter of FPU/PU nanofibers obtained was 112. 05 nm,and the water contact angle and the oil contact angle of the FPU/PU nanofiber membranes were 142°and 138°, which showing good hydrophobicand oleophobic performance. Moreover,when the spinning time was controlled at 45 min,the filtering efficiency of the obtained anti-haze window screening could reach 91. 264%,and the filtering resistance was 48. 852 Pa. The screenings’ filtering performance was excellent,which had a huge application prospect in the field of air purification.