风险元理论研究

Reach on Risk Metatheory

在安全与减灾等风险研究中,学者对理解风险具有许多争论,理解这些争论需要站在更高的风险元理论层面探讨风险理论。该文阐述存在虚拟风险和现实风险两种不同特征的风险。本体论研究风险实在的属性,认识论研究有关风险判断的属性,实在论和建构论风险观,表现在本体论和认识论两个层面。根据不同的本体论和认识论属性,存在四种可能的组合。提出风险理论连续统一体理论,在在本体论和认识论两个层面上,把风险认知理解为连续变化的分布带,该理论的一端是实在论,另一端是建构论。

In risk studies such as safety and disaster reduction, scholars have many debates on understanding risk. Understanding these debates requires a higher level of risk metatheory to explore risk theory.Risks with two different characteristics as virtual risk and real risk are elaborated.Ontology studies the attributes of risk reality, epistemology studies the attributes of risk judgment, and realism and constructivismare both embodied in ontology and epistemology.There are four possible combinations according to different ontological and epistemological attributes.The continuum theory of risk theory is put forward. On the two levels of ontology and epistemology, risk cognition is understood as the distribution zone of continuous change. One end of the theory is realism, the other end is constructivism.