中国灾害性冰冻天气日数气候演变空间分异特征(1961-2016年)

Spatial Differentiation Characteristics of Climate Evolution of Disastrous Freezing Weather Days in China from 1961 to 2016

基于《中国冰冻数据集(V1.0)》,采用1961-2016年中国545个气象站点的结霜、雾凇、雨凇和结冰四种灾害性冰冻天气日数数据,从气候态特征、年代距平变化、变化趋势和波动特征四个方面,诊断了中国冰冻天气日数时空演变特征。结果表明:①中国四种灾害性冰冻天气日数在1961-2016年具有各自典型的区域性和次区域性空间分异特征。高纬度或高海拔地区是中国灾害性冰冻天气较多发生的地区。结霜和结冰事件在分布范围和发生频率上明显高于雾凇和雨凇事件。②中国四种灾害性冰冻天气日数距平具有明显的年代变化特征。中国北方的结霜和结冰日数在1960和1970年代以负距平为主,而在1980、1990、2000和2010年代逐渐演变为正距平为主;中国北方的雾凇日数和中东部的雨凇日数在1960、1970和1980年代以正距平为主,而在1990、2000和2010年代以负距平为主。③1961-2016年中国四种灾害性冰冻天气日数变化趋势空间分异不尽一致。结霜、雾凇和结冰日数在高海拔和高纬度地区增减趋势较大。其中结霜日数在北方以增加趋势为主;雾凇日数则在东北、西北和内蒙古等地区以减少趋势为主;雨凇日数在中国中东部以减少趋势为主;结冰日数在西藏、黄土高原、华北平原等地以增加趋势为主。④1961-2016年中国结霜和结冰日数波动特征呈南高北低的空间分异格局。雾凇日数在华南南部和云南西部波动最大,在长江以南至华南北部、青藏高原、四川东部、湖北西部等地波动最小。雨凇日数在西南地区波动小,而在北方、东北和东南沿海地区波动大。

Based on the China Freezing Weather Days Dataset (V1.0), this study uses the data of frost, rime, glaze and icing days at 545 meteorological stations in China from 1961 to 2016 to diagnose the temporal and spatial evolution characteristics of freezing weather days in China from four aspects: climatic characteristics, chronological anomaly change, trend and fluctuation characteristics. The results show that: Firstly, the four disastrous freezing weather days in China from 1961 to 2016 have their own typical regional and sub-regional spatial differentiation characteristics. High latitude or high altitude areas are the areas where disastrous freezing weather occurs more frequently in China. The distribution and frequency of frost and icing events are significantly higher than those of rime and glaze events. Secondly, the anomalies of four kinds of disastrous freezing weather days in China have obvious characteristics of decadal variation. In the 1960s and 1970s, the frost and icing days in northern China are dominated by negative anomaly, while in the 1980s, 1990s, 2000 and 2010, they gradually evolve into positive anomaly. In the 1960s, 1970s and 1980s, the rime days in northern China and the glaze days in mid-eastern China are dominated by positive anomaly, while in the 1990s, 2000 and 2010, the negative anomaly are dominated. Thirdly, the trend of four kinds of disastrous freezing weather days in China from 1961 to 2016 are not uniform in space. Thefrost, rime and icing days tend to increase and decrease at high altitudes and latitudes. Thefrost days increase mainly in the north;Therime days decrease mainly in the Northeast China, Northwest China and Inner Mongolia;Theglaze days decrease mainly in the central and eastern part of China;Theicing days increase mainly in Tibet, Loess Plateau, North China Plain and other areas. Fourthly, the fluctuation characteristics of frost and icing days in China show a spatial pattern of high in the south and low in the north from 1961 to 2016. Therime days fluctuate largest in Southern China and Western Yunnan, and the smallest fluctuate from the south of the Yangtze River to the north of Southern China, the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, Eastern Sichuan and Western Hubei. Theglaze days fluctuate small in the southwest, but fluctuate large in the north, northeast and southeast coastal areas.